The impact of the initial COVID-19 lockdown on the mental health and lifestyle of children in Turkey

The COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent school closures increased children's mental health difficulties and associated risk of school exclusion. The present study examined the changes in children's daily habits, and emotional and behavioral symptoms during the first national lockdown in 2020 as compared to before. A total of 854 caregivers living in Turkey with children aged 5 to 12 years completed a survey. The results showed that children spent significantly more time using screens, and less time engaging in physical activity during the lockdown compared to before. Additionally, one in three children were reported as feeling bored. Approximately half of the children were reported to show signs of nervousness, anger, anxiety, worry, restlessness, irritability, argumentativeness, and fear of infection. The children whose caregivers reported more family coexistence difficulty, higher risk of COVID-19 infection, poorer mental health, and high parenting role stress experienced higher levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties during the lockdown as compared to before. Children's pandemic-related emotional symptoms increased with age. Our findings suggested that the COVID-19 lockdown in Turkey had a negative impact on children's socioemotional and behavioral wellbeing with pre-adolescents being at higher risk of emotional change during the lockdown. These findings can guide early prevention and intervention programs to address child mental health symptoms in Turkey.