Implicación del estudiantado en Formación Profesional: análisis diferencial en la provincia de Valencia

espanolAnte la alta tasa de Abandono Temprano de la Educacion y la Formacion (ATEF) en el Estado espanol, el estudio del student engagement ha adquirido relevancia en el campo educativo al permitir el analisis de los itinerarios educativos profundizando en los procesos que pueden derivar en abandono. Si bien este analisis se ha situado principalmente en Educacion Primaria y Secundaria, en este articulo nos centramos en Formacion Profesional (FP). El estudio que presentamos ha sido desarrollado en la provincia de Valencia en el marco de una investigacion estatal con continuidad a nivel autonomico que tiene como principal objetivo el analisis de los itinerarios del alumnado de FP. Sigue una metodologia longitudinal e incluye el analisis de datos oficiales y el pase de cuestionarios en 49 centros seleccionados en base a familia profesional, situacion geografica y titularidad. Los datos presentados corresponden al primer pase de cuestionarios, realizado en el curso 2016-2017 a 737 estudiantes de Formacion Profesional Basica (FPB) y 1.240 de Formacion Profesional de Grado Medio (FPGM). Realizamos un analisis diferencial del student engagement entre ambos niveles de FP partiendo de la hipotesis general de que habra una mayor vinculacion escolar entre el alumnado de FPGM. Los resultados obtenidos permiten confirmar nuestra hipotesis, aunque aparecen matices en cada una de las dimensiones del student engagement. Concluimos con aportaciones que enfatizan los efectos de las estructuras sociales y las instituciones escolares como dimensiones explicativas de los procesos educativos. EnglishGiven the high rate of early leaving from education and training (ELET) in Spain, the analysis of student engagement acquired relevance in the educational field, since it allows the analysis of educational pathways by delving into the processes that can lead to school dropout. Although this analysis has been mainly focused on Primary and Secondary Education, in this article we focus on Vocational Education and Training (VET). The study we present here has been developed in the province of Valencia within the framework of a state research project with continuity at a regional level whose main objective is the analysis of the itineraries of the VET students. It follows a longitudinal methodology and includes the analysis of official data and the passing of questionnaires in 49 centers selected on the basis of professional family, geographical location and ownership. The data presented correspond to the first pass of questionnaires, obtained in the 2016-2017 academic year to 737 students of Basic Vocational Education and Training (BVET) and 1.240 of Intermediate Level Vocational Education and Training (IVET). We carried out a differential analysis in relation to the student engagement between both levels of VET starting from the general hypothesis that there will be a greater school engagement among the students of IVET. The results obtained have allowed us to confirm our initial hypothesis; however, we will highlight nuances in each of the dimensions of student engagement. We conclude with contributions that emphasize the effects of social structures and school institutions as explanatory dimensions of educational processes.