Effects of Temperature on Enantiomerization Energy and Distribution of Isomers in the Chiral Cu13 Cluster

Cesar Castillo-Quevedo,Carlos Emiliano Buelna-Garcia, Edgar Paredes-Sotelo, Eduardo Robles-Chaparro, Edgar Zamora-Gonzalez, Martha Fabiola Martin-del-Campo-Solis,Jesus Manuel Quiroz-Castillo, Teresa del-Castillo-Castro,Gerardo Martínez-Guajardo,Aned de-Leon-Flores, Manuel Cortez-Valadez, Filiberto Ortiz-Chi,Tulio Gaxiola,Santos Jesus Castillo, Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal, Sudip Pan, Jose Luis Cabellos

Molecules(2021)

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Abstract
In this study, we report the lowest energy structure of bare Cu13 nanoclusters as a pair of enantiomers at room temperature. Moreover, we compute the enantiomerization energy for the interconversion from minus to plus structures in the chiral putative global minimum for temperatures ranging from 20 to 1300 K. Additionally, employing nanothermodynamics, we compute the probabilities of occurrence for each particular isomer as a function of temperature. To achieve that, we explore the free energy surface of the Cu13 cluster, employing a genetic algorithm coupled with density functional theory. Moreover, we discuss the energetic ordering of isomers computed with various density functionals. Based on the computed thermal population, our results show that the chiral putative global minimum strongly dominates at room temperature.
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Key words
nanothermodynamics,thermal population,chirality,DFT,first-principles calculations,electronic structure,Cu,nanoclusters,genetic algorithm,probabilities,enantiomerization energy
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