Super Ni-rich and Co-poor LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2, and LiNixCoyMnzAl1-x-y-zO2 (x ≥ 0.85) based cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: A review on emerging trends, recent developments, and future perspectives

Ni-rich Co-poor layered oxides exhibit great promise as battery cathode materials, offering high energy density and working voltage. However, their commercial viability is hindered by suboptimal structural stability, cycling performance, and thermal safety. Recently, various strategies have been used to address the chemical/mechanical stability issues of Ni-rich Co-low cathode materials, aiming at sustainable and low-cost energy storage devices. This review seeks to explore comprehensively, for the first time, the recent strides in designing Super Ni-rich Co-poor cathode materials. The specific focus lies on LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM), LiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA), and LiNixCoyMnzAl1-x-y-zO2 (NCMA) with x ≥ 0.85. Our discussion encompasses emerging trends in the development of these materials. Additionally, we outline effective strategies for the deliberate design of Super Ni-rich Co-poor layered oxide cathodes. To conclude, we provide an outlook, evaluating the strengths and limitations of this field and offering insights to guide future directions for the enhancement of Super Ni-rich cathodes, paving the way for further advancements.