The Association Between Organizational Downsizing and Depressive Symptoms among Korean Workers: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Background Organizational downsizing may be significantly linked to depressive symptoms, yet research on this impact in Asian contexts is limited. This study investigates the association between downsizing during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms across diverse employment statuses. Methods This study used the data from 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Depressive symptoms were measured using WHO-5 well-being index with cut-off of 50. Downsizing was defined as decreased in number of employees during last three years. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational factors was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms associated with downsizing, including subgroup analyses. Results Among 26,247 Korean workers (mean age 43.4, men 47.5%), the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 29.5% (n=7,751) and the proportion of downsizing was 15.2% (n=3,978). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among downsizing group (36.7%, n=1,460), compared with no downsizing group (28.3%, n=6,291). The result of logistic regression revealed a significant association between downsizing and depressive symptoms (adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.39[1.29–1.50]), particularly pronounced among high socioeconomic status workers. Conclusion This study underscores the significant association between depressive symptoms and organizational downsizing, especially high vulnerability of socioeconomically advantaged and stable workers. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted mental health support and further longitudinal research to clarify the relationship between employment changes and mental health within the Korean workforce.