Prevention of weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer in ongoing radiation or chemoradiation therapy—A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD4202345740) identified and synthesised existing evidence on nutrition interventions performed by healthcare professionals, and the contents of the interventions that prevented weight loss in patients with HNC undergoing RT/CRT. Methods We included quantitative studies. PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched, and the outcomes of interest were weight change and nutritional status. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to elaborate on the findings across the included studies. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was conducted. Results A total of 27 studies were identified. Most focused on the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and individualised nutrition counselling (INC). A beneficial effect of ONS combined with weekly INC were identified, and compliance, management of adverse effects, involvement of family as well as the knowledge and approach of the healthcare professionals were identified as key elements when supporting the management of nutrition intake in HNC patients during RT/CRT. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant effect of ONS, yet significant when combined with INC, and no overall effect of INC, but significant effect in the RCTs. Conclusion Our results suggest an optimal effect of ONS combined with weekly INC, requiring a focus on enhancing compliance as well as support from a multidisciplinary team to manage adverse treatment effects. Compliance must be emphasised to provide maximum support to the patient, as well as focus on the knowledge of the health care professionals performing the intervention. Further research on strategies to enhance patient compliance and involvement is needed.