Construction of a black phosphorous-based noncovalent multiple nanosupramolecular assembly for synergistic targeted photothermal and chemodynamic therapy

Black phosphorus (BP), as a rising star of 2D nanomaterials has drawn considerable attention in cancer therapy. However, the poor stability under ambient conditions limits their practical applications. Herein, a multiple supramolecular assembly composed of adamantane-modified hyaluronic acid (HAADA), ferrocene-modified cinnamaldehyde (Fc-CA), guanidinium- functionalized β-cyclodextrin (Guano-CD), and black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets was successfully fabricated through cooperative host-guest and electrostatic interactions. Owing to the cooperative contribution of these building blocks, the obtained supramolecular assembly simultaneously possesses multiple functions including excellent stability, good biocompatibility and targeting property, and a high inhibition effect toward cancer cells. We believe that this work might provide new insights into designing a new generation of cancer theranostic protocols for potential clinical applications.