Facilitators and barriers of help-seeking for persons with dementia in Asia-findings from a qualitative study of informal caregivers.

Background and aim:The deterioration in cognition of persons with dementia (PWD) makes their caregivers key players in their help-seeking process. This study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers of help-seeking for persons with dementia in Asia from the perspective of their informal caregivers. Methods:A qualitative methodology was adopted in the current study. Twenty-nine informal caregivers of PWD in Singapore were interviewed between April 2019 and December 2020. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for the analysis. Results:The transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The results revealed four major themes with 12 sub-themes, including (1) Barriers to diagnosis-seeking (i.e., lack of knowledge and awareness of dementia, emotional denial, resistance from PWD, and delays in the healthcare system); (2) Facilitators of diagnosis-seeking (i.e., synergy between awareness of dementia and an active diagnosis-seeking intention and incidental diagnosis resulting from seeking treatment for comorbid conditions); (3) Barriers to treatment-seeking (i.e., challenges from PWD and disease, challenges faced by caregivers when seeking treatment for PWD, and challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic); (4) Facilitators of treatment-seeking (i.e., caregivers' capabilities of handling PWD, cooperation/compliance from PWD, and an integrated care plan for PWD). Conclusion:The findings highlight the importance of raising public awareness, enabling health professionals to tailor psychosocial interventions better, and improving community support through dementia awareness and education.