Microalgae-based drug delivery systems in biomedical applications

Over decades of development, the modern drug delivery system continues to grapple with numerous challenges, including drug loading inefficiencies, issues of immunogenicity, and cytotoxicity. These limitations restrict its application across various systems. Microalgae, as a natural resource, are not only abundant in bioactive compounds but also possess multiple biological properties, including active surface, photosynthesis capabilities, and excellent biocompatibility. These attributes make microalgae highly promising as carriers for targeted drug delivery, offering significant potential for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, leveraging the exceptional properties of microalgae for drug delivery and optimizing their qualities is of paramount importance. This article focuses on elucidating the biological characteristics of microalgae and their applications in drug delivery, with a particular emphasis on emerging strategies for efficient drug loading and precise targeted delivery. Microalgae, as a natural biomaterial, hold immense potential for both commercial and clinical applications.