Psychometric characteristics of ADHD-T-5 in its Dari version among public primary school students in Kabul City, Afghanistan

Introduction: One of the key instruments used to assess attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents is the ADHD Rating Scale-5. This study aimed to test the psychometric characteristics of the ADHD Rating Scale-5 teacher version (ADHD-T) in Dari among school-aged children in Kabul City. Methods: Face and content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability of the questionnaire were conducted. The structure, validity, and reliability of the scales were evaluated using the translated versions of the ADHD-T questionnaires for the assessment of ADHD in children. Teachers completed the ADHD-T-Dari on behalf of three hundred and fifty-eight public primary school students. Results: Face validity, content quality, and internal consistency of the ADHD-T-Dari were excellent. Significant collinearity was found between the items of the inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity domains of the ADHD-T-Dari. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index was 0.913 and was satisfactory. The two-factor model of the scale showed a better fit with an RMSEA of 0.065, a CMIN/df of 20.501, and a CFI of 905 compared to the one- and three-factor models of ADHD-T-Dari. The Cronbach's alpha for the total ADHD-T-Dari scale with 18 items was 0.898, while it was 0.851 and 0.847 for the inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity subscales with 9 items each. Conclusion: The exploratory and CFA showed that the psychometric qualities have strong concept validity and very good psychometric properties with good reliability. Therefore, the ADHD-T-Dari is valid, reliable, and suitable for the assessment of ADHD symptoms in Afghan school children and adolescents. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement HIgher Education Developmental Program, Kart-e-char Ministry of Higher Education, Kabul Afghanistan ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: The Ethics Committee of Kabul University (No. 25, 03/03/2020) granted the permission to conduct this study. I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study work are contained in the manuscript