Short-term skin reactions and changes in stratum corneum following different ways of facial sheet mask usage

Background The global facial mask market grows steadily at 8.5 % annually. However, prolonged use may lead to skin inflammation. Objective To investigate how various mask types and wearing durations impact skin physiology and aquaporins3 (AQP3) expression in healthy subjects. Methods We used a randomized controlled design to investigate the effects of three types of facial masks (pure water, hyaluronan, and bifida ferment lysate) and four different duration(5, 15, 25, and 40 min) on various skin parameters in volunteers, assessing moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, corneocyte size, and AQP3 expression before and after mask application, while also evaluating adverse reactions, discomfort, and noncompliance. Result Hydration and TEWL increased at first, then decreased. Sebum increased with all types of masks, particularly after 40 min. Vasodilation and AQP3 expression were linked to mask duration. Corneocyte sizes remained constant. The main adverse reactions were redness (10.71 %, n = 28) and dryness (57.14 %, n = 28), especially with pure water masks lasting over 25 min. Conclusion Short-term use of facial sheet masks (<25 min) benefits skin with improved hydration, reduced redness, and AQP3 activation, while prolonged use can lead to increased dryness and redness.