Co-optimization of polysaccharides and polyphenols extraction from mangosteen peels using ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction (EUAE) and their characterization

Natural functional and bioactive compounds extracted from agricultural wastes using green techniques have attracted great attention due to their health benefits, numerous potential applications and less environmental impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to co-optimize the processes of ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction (UMAE) and enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction (EUAE) to simultaneously maximize the yields of polysaccharides (PSY) and phenolics (TPC) from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peels with the aid of Box-Behnken design. The chemical structure of the polysaccharides and the bioactive activities of the phenolics extracted by two methods were also determined and compared. At the optimal conditions, the results revealed that UMAE produced a less amount of polysaccharides (18.4