Investigating the effect of MXene/ethanol nanofluid in thermosyphon cooling of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) panels

Current research focuses on employing MXene/ethanol nanofluid (NF) as a working fluid in an array of twophase closed thermosyphons (TPCT) for cooling the PV panel of hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system from the rear. Unique features such as high electrical conductivity, capacitive capacity, and hydrophilicity were the advantages of MXene nanoparticles. Moreover, comparisons between PV systems are provided in terms of performance and efficiency parameters. The results revealed that the optimum inclination angle for the panels was identified as 30 degrees, and the optimum filling ratio was determined as 50 %. Applying NFs up to an optimal concentration of 1 % instead of the base fluid increased the temperature drop behind the panel, improved the panel output power, and enhanced overall efficiency. A temperature drop of 19.21 degrees C and an increase in electrical output of 1.62 W were observed behind the module at a 1 wt% MXene concentration. Therefore, the presented study discloses very high performance in PV/T systems.