Unlocking Mixed-Metal Oxides Active Centers via Acidity Regulation for K&SO₂ Poisoning Resistance: Self-Detoxification Mechanism of Zeolite-Confined deNO _x Catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3-SCR) is an efficient NOx reduction strategy, while the denitrification (deNO(x)) catalysts suffer from serious deactivation due to the coexistence of multiple poisoning substances, such as alkali metal (e.g., K), SO2, etc., in industrial flue gases. It is essential to understand the interaction among various poisons and their effects on the deNO(x) process. Herein, the ZSM-5 zeolite-confined MnSmOx mixed (MnSmOx@ZSM-5) catalyst exhibited better deNO(x) performance after the poisoning of K, SO2, and/or K&SO2 than the MnSmOx and MnSmOx/ZSM-5 catalysts, the deNO(x) activity of which at high temperature (H-T) increased significantly (>90% NOx conversion in the range of 220-480 degrees C). It has been demonstrated that K would occupy both redox and acidic sites, which severely reduced the reactivity of MnSmOx/ZSM-5 catalysts. The most important, K element is preferentially deposited at -OH on the surface of ZSM-5 carrier due to the electrostatic attraction (-O-K). As for the K&SO2 poisoning catalyst, SO2 preferred to be combined with the surface-deposited K (-O-K-SO2ads) according to XPS and density functional theory (DFT) results, the poisoned active sites by K would be released. The K migration behavior was induced by SO2 over K-poisoned MnSmOx@ZSM-5 catalysts, and the balance of surface redox and acidic site was regulated, like a synergistic promoter, which led to K-poisoning buffering and activity recovery. This work contributes to the understanding of the self-detoxification interaction between alkali metals (e.g., K) and SO2 on deNO(x) catalysts and provides a novel strategy for the adaptive use of one poisoning substance to counter another for practical NOx reduction.