Hierarchical porous carbon nanofibrous membranes with elaborated chemical surfaces for efficient adsorptive removal of volatile organic compounds from air.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air pose great health risks to humans and the environment. Adsorptive separation technology has proven effective in mitigating VOC pollution, with the adsorbent being the critical component. Therefore, the development of highly efficient adsorbent materials is crucial. Carbon nanofibers, known for their physical-chemical stability and rapid adsorption kinetics, are promising candidates for removing VOCs from the air. However, the relatively simple porous structures and inert surface chemical properties of traditional carbon nanofibers present challenges in further enhancing their application performance further. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon nanofibrous membrane was prepared using electrospinning technology and a one-step carbonization & activation method. Phenolic resin and polyacrylonitrile were used as co-precursors, with silica nanoparticles serving as the dopant. The resulting membrane exhibited a specific surface area of up to 1560.83 m2/g and surfaces rich in functional O-/N- groups. With a synergistic effect of developed micro- and meso-pores and active chemical surfaces, the carbon nanofibrous membrane demonstrated excellent adsorption separation performance for various VOCs, with comparable adsorption capacities and fast kinetics. Moreover, the membrane displayed remarkable reusability and dynamic adsorption performance for different VOCs, indicating its potential for practical applications.