Journal of Infection

studies were inconsistent as to whether the body presents Th1 or Th2 dominance after RSV infection. 7 , 8 Our study proved that the levels of CD8 + T cells, B cells, NK cells, and cytokine IFN- γ of Th1 were elevated in the acute stage of neonatal RSV pneumonia, which may play a role in anti-RSV infections. CD8 + T cells, NK cells, and IFN- γ levels could be reduced back to normal during the convalescent stage of neonatal RSV pneumonia, suggesting that when neonates were infected with RSV, the dominant response was from Th1. However, the role of Th2 cells in the disease remained unclear. In addition, antibodies produced by B cells directly neutralized free viruses or exerted antiviral effects through immune conditioning of extracellular viruses or infected cells. 9 The number of B cells in the study increased further, and humoral immunity continued to be maintained. Understanding the immune signature of neonatal RSV infection is key to addressing this issue. 10