Enveloped Viral Replica Equipped with Spike Protein Derived from SARS-CoV‑2

Synthetic viral nanostructures are useful as materials for analyzing the biological behavior of natural viruses and as vaccine materials. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped virus embedding a spike (S) protein involved in host cell infection. Although nanomaterials modified with an S protein without an envelope membrane have been developed, they are considered unsuitable for stability and functionality. We previously constructed an enveloped viral replica complexed with a cationic lipid bilayer and an anionic artificial viral capsid self-assembled from β-annulus peptides. In this study, we report the first example of an enveloped viral replica equipped with an S protein derived from SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, even the S protein equipped on the enveloped viral replica bound strongly to the free angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as well as ACE2 localized on the cell membrane.