Can one condition a killed random walk to survive?
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
We consider the simple random walk on ℤ^d killed with probability
p(|x|) at site x for a function p decaying at infinity. Due to recurrence
in dimension d=2, the killed random walk (KRW) dies almost surely if p is
positive, while in dimension d ≥ 3 it is known that the KRW dies almost
surely if and only if ∫_0^∞rp(r)dr = ∞, under mild technical
assumptions on p. In this paper we consider, for any d ≥ 2, functions
p for which the KRW dies almost surely and we ask ourselves if the KRW
conditioned to survive is well-defined. More precisely, given an exhaustion
(Λ_R)_R ∈ℕ of ℤ^d, does the KRW conditioned to
leave Λ_R before dying converges in distribution towards a limit which
does not depend on the exhaustion? We first prove that this conditioning is
well-defined for p(r) = o(r^-2), and that it is not for p(r) = min(1,
r^-α) for α∈ (14/9,2). This question is connected to
branching random walks and the infinite snake. More precisely, in dimension
d=4, the infinite snake is related to the KRW with p(r) ≍
(r^2log(r))^-1, therefore our results imply that the infinite snake
conditioned to avoid the origin in four dimensions is well-defined.
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