GA-NIFS: JWST/NIRSpec IFS view of the z 3.5 galaxy GS5001 and its close environment at the core of a large-scale overdensity

We present JWST NIRSpec observations in IFS mode of the galaxy GS5001 at redshift z=3.47, the brightest member of a candidate protocluster in the GOODS-S field. The data cover a field of view (FoV) of 4”×4” ( 30×30 kpc^2) and were obtained as part of the GA-NIFS GTO program. The observations include both high (R 2700) and low (R 100) spectral resolution data, spanning the rest-frame wavelength ranges 3700-6780A and 1300-11850A, respectively. We analyse the spatially resolved ionised gas kinematics and interstellar medium properties, including obscuration, gas metallicity, excitation, ionisation parameter, and electron density. In addition to the central galaxy, the NIRSpec FoV covers three components in the south, with velocities blue-shifted by -150 km/s with respect to the main galaxy, and another source in the north redshifted by  200 km/s. The emission line ratios in the BPT diagram are consistent with star formation for all the sources in the FoV. We measure electron densities of  500 cm^-3 in the different sources. The gas-phase metallicity in the main galaxy is 12+log(O/H) = 8.45±0.04, and slightly lower in the companions (12+log(O/H)= 8.34-8.42), consistent with the mass-metallicity relation at z∼3. We find peculiar line ratios (high log [NII]/Hα, low log [OIII]/Hβ) in the northern part of the main galaxy (GS5001). These could be attributed to either higher metallicity, or to shocks resulting from the interaction of the main galaxy with the northern source. We identify a spatially resolved outflow in the main galaxy, with an extension of about 3 kpc. We find maximum outflow velocities of  400 km/s, an outflow mass of (1.7±0.4)× 10^8 M_⊙, a mass outflow rate of 23±5 M_⊙ yr^-1 and a mass loading factor of 0.23. These properties are compatible with star formation being the driver of the outflow.