A novel adaptive and modified controller for tracking global peak under partial shading conditions

The present state of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques face challenges in accurately tracking the Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP) under non-uniform conditions. Swift transitions between operational points, significant transient fluctuations, and imprecise tracking contribute to notable power losses. To address these issues, a novel modified Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is proposed. It mitigates persistent oscillations and enhances tracking accuracy in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Compared to traditional P&O and incremental conductance methods, the proposed algorithm achieves approximately 9.52 % higher average MPPT efficiency. Even under challenging conditions like partial shading, it maintains superior performance with faster tracking and less complexity. The algorithm ensures proper power sharing, achieving an average maximum stabilized power efficiency of 98.48 % with a tracking time below 0.06 s. Notably, it exhibits a 16.5 % increase in power increment across various shading scenarios. Additionally, the proposed method complies with IEC 60904-3 standards, minimizing voltage and current deviations during irradiance dynamics. MATLAB/Simulink and hardware experiments confirm the efficacy of the algorithm, demonstrating improved stability and reduced settling time. The proposed method outperforms existing algorithms, exhibiting the lowest mismatch power loss and achieving a remarkable 15.08 % enhanced power increment. This research contributes to advancing MPPT techniques, offering improved performance and stability in PV systems.