What Factors Contribute to Effective Online Higher Education? A Meta-Review
Technology, Knowledge and Learning(2024)
Abstract
Although much research has focused on factors that contribute to effective online education in higher education (HE), insights remain scattered. In this study, we provide a more holistic perspective on how to facilitate effective online HE by concurrently examining factors that were hitherto treated separately. In our meta-review, we synthesized insights from 47 literature reviews and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2022 concerning factors that contribute to effective online HE. Factors were identified at the level of the course (i.e., a clear structure; challenging, authentic, and inclusive learning activities; high-quality online interaction; and multiple assessment formats), student (i.e., high self-regulation skills, sufficient digital literacy, and a positive attitude towards online education), teacher (i.e., online teaching competences and professional development opportunities), and institution (i.e., an institution-wide vision on online education, adequate technological infrastructure, and accommodating student and teacher support). Further research is needed to better understand how these factors may interact with each other.
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Key words
Effective online education,Online higher education,Systematic review,Meta-review
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