Optical signal recording of cellular activity in optogenetic stimulation of human pulp dental cells using a twin-core fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer biosensor
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Frazao This paper introduces an innovative two-core fiber (TCF) optic sensor
employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to monitor the optogenetic
response of light-sensitive human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The in-fiber
MZI, formed using a segment of TCF optic, detects refractive index (RI) changes
in the surrounding medium. The sensor utilizes the evanescent wave of one core
as the sensing arm, necessitating a thin cladding achieved through one-sided
chemical etching. This design allows the sensor to detect subtle alterations in
the RI of the environment by observing displacements in the interference
spectrum. The optogenetic stimulation of light-sensitive cells induces
variations in ion concentrations, leading to a corresponding change in
refractive index. The fabricated sensor, with a peak sensitivity of 675.74
nm/RIU within the RI range of 1.39-1.43, can detect these changes. A computer
simulation validated the sensitivity and optimized fabrication parameters,
exhibiting satisfactory agreement with experimental results. Spectrum
displacements were recorded for both light-sensitive hDPSCs and regular hDPSCs
(as a control test). Results from the experiment, analyzed and compared using
data analysis software, revealed that 473 nm blue light effectively stimulated
light-sensitive hDPSCs. Notably, the proposed sensor, a novel structure,
demonstrated its capability to detect RI changes in the cell medium during
optogenetic applications.
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