Revolutionizing the biomedical and environmental clean-up through polymeric nano-sponges: A review

Remediation of organic and inorganic waste contamination is a growing concern in the environmental sector, while biomedical researchers face challenges in targeting drug delivery for specific diseases. Nanotechnology, particularly the use of polymeric nano-sponges (NS), has emerged as a highly competitive and rapidly evolving solution in both drug delivery and environmental cleanup. NS are three-dimensional nonporous structures developed by extensive polymer cross-linking, forming small cavities capable of encapsulating hydrophilic/hydrophobic compounds. This innovative approach shows promise in overcoming the limitations of traditional medications, often associated with significant side effects. A particularly exciting application of NS is in targeted pharmaceutical delivery, offering potential improvements in the quality of life for cancer and cardiac patients. Additionally, NS have garnered attention for their ability to facilitate environmental cleanup, including oil-water separations and the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from water, owing to their exceptional sorption capability. Polymer cross-linked NS thus hold immense potential in addressing some of society's most pressing challenges, with continued research and development in this field promising groundbreaking solutions for multifaceted applications.