Analysis of Cadmium, Mercury and Lead in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in a protected area of southeastern Mexico associated with the risk to human health

Background Metal pollution is a problem in many parts of the world. These metals can be harmful when they exceed the recommended limits. This study aimed to assess the levels of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the tissues of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) within a protected area in southeastern Mexico. Additionally, the study aimed to conduct a risk analysis for human health associated with these metals. It is anticipated that the observed metal levels will be lower compared to prior studies, thereby not posing a significant risk to the local population. Methods The tissue of oyster samples was treated under the techniques of the Official Mexican Standards and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The metal concentrations were used to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDI), target hazard quotients (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risks (TR), for children and adults. Results Maximum values of Cd (1.99 μg g−1), exceeded the permissible limits of the Official Mexican Standards. Pb (0.99 μg g−1) and Hg (0.64 μg g−1) are within the recommended limits. The THQ and HI for Cd, Pb, and Hg were lower than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) criteria. Conclusions Based on our results, whether oyster (Crassostrea virginica) consumption is recommended in adults and reducing consumption in children; to diminish the risk of exposure to Cd, Pb, and Hg.