Tunable Q-factor wavelet transform based lung signal decomposition and statistical feature extraction for effective lung disease classification

The auscultation is a non-invasive and cost-effective method used for the diagnosis of lung diseases, which are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, the efficacy of the auscultation suffers from the limitations of the analog stethoscopes and the subjective nature of human interpretation. To overcome these limitations, the accurate diagnosis of these diseases by employing the computer based automated algorithms applied to the digitized lung sounds has been studied for the last decades. This study proposes a novel approach that uses a Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform (TQWT) based statistical feature extraction followed by individual and ensemble learning model training with the aim of lung disease classification. During the learning stage various machine learning algorithms are utilized as the individual learners as well as the hard and soft voting fusion approaches are employed for performance enhancement with the aid of the predictions of individual models. For an objective evaluation of the proposed approach, the study was structured into two main tasks that was investigated in detail by using several sub-tasks to comparison with state-of-the-art studies. Among the sub-tasks which investigates patient-based classification, the highest accuracy obtained for the binary classification was achieved as 97.63% (healthy vs. non-healthy), while accuracy values up to 66.32% for three-class classification (obstructive-related, restrictive related, and healthy), and 53.42% for five-class classification (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary infection, and healthy) were obtained. Regarding the other sub-task, which investigates sample-based classification, the proposed approach was superior to almost all previous findings. The proposed method underscores the potential of TQWT based signal decomposition that leverages the power of its adaptive time-frequency resolution property satisfied by Q-factor adjustability. The obtained results are very promising and the proposed approach paves the way for more accurate and automated digital auscultation techniques in clinical settings.