Cellular schwannoma arising after the resection of an anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma

Cellular schwannoma is a schwannoma subtype with histopathological features resembling those of malignant tumors. We report a case of a cellular schwannoma arising at the resection margin of an anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma. An 88-year-old woman who had undergone resection of an anterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma 2 years previously, developed a mediastinal tumor at the resection margin, raising suspicion of leiomyosarcoma recurrence. Pathological analysis following thoracoscopic resection confirmed a cellular schwannoma. This is an extremely rare cellular schwannoma arising in the anterior mediastinum, suggesting that nerve injury from previous surgery may have contributed to its development.