Hysteresis of European summer precipitation under a symmetric CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down pathway
Environmental Research Letters(2024)
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism of the hysteresis of European summer mean precipitation in a CO _2 removal (CDR) simulation. The European summer mean precipitation exhibits robust hysteresis in response to the CO _2 forcing; after decreasing substantially (∼40%) during the ramp-up period, it shows delayed recovery during the ramp-down period. We found that the precipitation hysteresis over Europe is tied to the hysteresis in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). During the ramp-down period, an anomalous high surface pressure circulation prevails over Europe. The anomalous high pressure system is a baroclinic response of the atmosphere to strong North Atlantic cooling associated with a weakened AMOC. This anomalous circulation suppresses summertime convective activity over the entire Europe by decreasing near-surface moist enthalpy in Central and Northern Europe while increasing lower free-tropospheric temperature in Southern Europe. Our findings underscore the need to understand complex interactions in the Earth system for reliable future projections of regional precipitation change under CDR scenarios.
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Key words
hysteresis,European summer precipitation,Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,carbon dioxide removal scenario
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