Emerging IoT Applications and Architectures for Smart Maritime Container Terminals.

The maritime industry has recently seen a boom of Internet of Things (loT) technologies, which are successfully digitalizing maritime transportation. The loT-enabled maritime transportation has led to the introduction of the Internet of Ships (loS) paradigm, where maritime objects are interconnected with the goal of boosting the maritime industry. Therefore, this study discusses loS, its architecture, and its elements, in combination with other emerging technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, which lead to the creation of smart maritime container terminals (SMCTs). In particular, two specific use cases for SMCTs are presented, namely predictive maintenance and container damage/seal inspection. In addition, specific architectures are proposed and the key benefits of integrating IoT with ML and CV for the above use cases are highlighted.