Generic Ontologies for Digital Watersheds.

Digital Watershed represents an effective strategy for addressing floods and mitigating their associated risks. However, a notable challenge lies in the absence of a universally applicable modeling approach for constructing digital watersheds. The wealth of data and knowledge about watersheds is currently managed in a fragmented manner, impeding a comprehensive and cohesive understanding of the subject. This paper addresses the fragmented control landscape in watershed management by introducing generic ontologies, including water conservancy object ontology, model ontology, rainfall and runoff scene-mode ontology, and event ontology. These ontologies standardize the representation of water conservancy objects, hydrological models, and expert knowledge while also defining structured representations for physical events, scheduling rules, and business processes, which contribute to breaking the paradigm of "one watershed, one system" and facilitate integrated flood prediction and scheduling.