Histological organization of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera, Tephriridae) from Thailand

The structural evidence of tephritids, notably Bactrocera albistrigata, B. dorsalis, B. umbrosa, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, and Z. tau complex were explored using histology. These tephritids' male reproductive organs comprised two testes, ducts with deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, and tubular exocrine glands. The testicular follicle was investigated as a cyst during four stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa). Similarly, the female reproductive systems of these fruit flies were morphologically identical, with a pair of ovaries containing seven meroistic ovariole types. There was also a spermatheca, two lateral oviducts, a common oviduct, and a genital chamber identified. Tephritids have digestive systems (foregut, midgut, and hindgut), excretory systems (malpighian tubules), neural systems, integumentary systems (cuticle and epidermis), and adipose tissue. These data are not only significant and publicly available, but they can also be used in future studies such as on histopathology, ecotoxicological assays, and phylogenic characteristics.