Current Trends and Solutions for Port Decarbonisation: A Systematic Literature Review

The energy sector is changing rapidly today. Global warming and other environmental challenges contributed to several international agreements aimed at fostering fossil-to-renewables debt. Decarbonization is undoubtedly a challenge, but at the same time a potential for development. The energy sector is made up of many sectors that have their own specificities, constraints, and opportunities. This study reflects progress in the decoration of ports. Ports are a place that often brings together energy consumers of different levels and types – water and land transport, as well as consumers of thermal energy, electricity, and fuels. The bibliometric analysis method is used at publication to analyze current trends. The results show that despite the existing challenges and historic delays with the entry of renewable energy sources into ports, scientific progress is prepared to offer solutions to decarbonise port energy consumers as well. These studies reflect that hydrogen technologies are the most prospective solution, but many aspects and links need to be considered to ensure the transformation of the sector.