Cosmological phase transitions at three loops: the final verdict on perturbation theory
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We complete the perturbative program for equilibrium thermodynamics of
cosmological first-order phase transitions by determining the
finite-temperature effective potential of gauge-Higgs theories at
next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N^4LO). The computation of the
three-loop effective potential required to reach this order is extended to
generic models in dimensionally reduced effective theories in a companion
article. Our N^4LO result is the last perturbative order before confinement
renders electroweak gauge-Higgs theories non-perturbative at four loops. By
contrasting our analysis with non-perturbative lattice results, we find a
remarkable agreement. As a direct application for predictions of gravitational
waves produced by a first-order transition, our computation provides the final
fully perturbative results for the phase transition strength and speed of
sound.
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