Aluminium stress tolerance by Citrus plants: a consolidated review

Aluminium, a metallic element abundant in soils as aluminosilicates minerals, poses a toxic threat to plants, particularly in acidic soil conditions, thereby affecting their growth and development. Given their adaptability to diverse soil and climate conditions, Citrus plants have gained significant attention regarding their tolerance to Aluminium toxicity. In the North-eastern region of India, where soils are often slightly acidic with elevated aluminium levels, Citrus species are predominantly found. Understanding the tolerance mechanisms of these Citrus fruits and screening wild Citrus species for their adaptability to abiotic stresses is crucial for enhancing fruit production. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that Citrus species exhibit remarkable tolerance to aluminium contamination, surpassing the typical threshold of 30