Wearable biosensors for cardiovascular monitoring leveraging nanomaterials

The medical domain is currently experiencing a significant shift from centralized healthcare models to home-based and personalized monitoring paradigms, particularly in the realm of cardiovascular monitoring. This move towards wearable systems is aimed at serving a wider population, reducing hospital resources’ burden, and cutting healthcare costs. There is growing interest in leveraging advanced nanomaterials to develop cutting-edge wearable biosensors for cardiovascular applications. These devices offer precise, real-time, and continuous data collection, which is crucial for creating personalized therapeutic interventions. Central to this innovation is the integration of various nanostructures with advanced biosensing techniques and microelectronics. These nanostructures play a pivotal role in enhancing preventative medical care by facilitating early diagnosis and management of critical health conditions. This review explores the latest advancements in wearable biosensors and assesses their role in monitoring cardiac vitals. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the materials, design principles, functional mechanisms, and recent breakthroughs related to these sensors, focusing on their applications in monitoring cardiac activity, measuring blood pressure, assessing pulse wave velocity, and detecting biomarkers. This review focuses on wearable biosensors designed for cardiovascular monitoring, particularly emphasizing the integration of nanomaterials.