Interleukin-27 is positively correlated with obesity and a decrease in insulin resistance after weight loss

Objective Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a potential mediator linking obesity to inflammatory diseases, is considered an important candidate for regulating obesity. The present study evaluated the relationship of IL-27 with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and further investigated the changes in IL-27 levels after weight loss. Methods The study analyzed 405 participants, of whom 62 with overweight or obesity completed one year of lifestyle intervention. The body compositions, including percent of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR), were assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Serum IL-27 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IL-27 levels increased significantly with the increase in body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001). Moreover, IL-27 levels were positively correlated with PBF, VFA, and VSR. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the inverse of hepatic insulin sensitivity (1/HISI), adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo-IR), and homeostasis model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) increased significantly with each quartile of IL-27 levels (all P < 0.001). IL-27 levels significantly decreased after weight loss (P < 0.001). Conclusions IL-27 was positively correlated with obesity, HOMA-IR, 1/HISI, Adipo-IR, and HOMA-AD. IL-27 levels significantly decreased after weight loss.