Workability Tests and Rheological Properties of Manufactured Sand

This paper presents a study on the working performance and rheological properties of manufactured sand wet shotcrete (MSWS). Samples with different unit water consumption, water to cement ratio, sand ratio, and water reducer dosage were tested for slump, inverted slump cone flow time, and rheological parameters. The test results were analyzed using the range analysis method. Analysis indicates that the cement paste effect and the ball effect are two crucial factors that affect the performance of MSWS. In some cases, the yield stress of MSWS is very close to zero, and it may even appear negative when extrapolating the Bingham model. Compared to the Bingham model, using the Modified Bingham model is more accurate. Their coefficients of determination R2 are greater, while the mean absolute errors MAE are smaller. Besides, their yield stresses are all positive. The slump and yield stress, as well as the inverted slump cone flow time and plastic viscosity, achieved high goodness of fit, with coefficients of determination of 0.864 and 0.840, respectively. This paper can provide guidance for the widespread use of MSWS.