Biogenic and hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of PdNPs using Abutilon indicum leaf extract

In this study, PdNPs are synthesized by using various concentrations of leaf extract of Abutilon indicum (AI), which acts as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing through a hydrothermal method. The synthesized AI leaf extract stabilized PdNPs (AI@PdNPs) were characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV–visible, Powder XRD, DLS, FTIR, and TEM analysis. The formation of PdNPs was primarily confirmed by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The synthesized AI@ PdNPs was found to be FCC crystal structure, spherical, well dispersed, without any agglomeration. PdNPs are highly stable with an average particle size of 7 ± 4 nm by using powder XRD, DLS and TEM studies respectively. FTIR spectra supports the hypothesis that biomolecules presented in AI extract are effectively involved in the reduction, stabilization and capping of AI@ PdNPs. The AI@ PdNPs were assessed for antioxidant capacity using free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and found to be 76.02 % compared to standard ascorbic acid, which is 96.7 %. The cytotoxicity study was showed that AI@ PdNPs have shown marked cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells with IC50 value of 157.5 μg/mL and did not show marked cytotoxicity in HEK-293 cells. The standard drug (Doxorubicin) was shown the IC50 value of 18.02 µM and 66.88 µM with a maximum inhibition up to 87.26 % and 72.48 % at the highest concentration tested at 100 µM for MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. Therefore, AI@ PdNPs could be a potential candidate for future drug development as an anticancer agent.