The impact of governance indicators, renewable energy demand, industrialization, and travel & transportation on urbanization: A panel study of selected Asian economies

Urbanization in the Asian context is linked to social, political, financial, and environmental changes. Asian cities' sustainability and resilience are threatened by industry, urbanization, and technology. This research explores how good governance indicators—corruption control and government effectiveness—impact Asian urban development to understand urban change better. The study also examines how transportation services and renewable energy demand help urban growth in the area. This study uses panel data from 39 Asian nations from 1996 to 2020. Panel two-stage GMM estimates the findings. Urbanization positively affects corruption control, industrial value added, renewable energy usage, and travel and transportation services. Government efficacy decreases with urbanization. Panel causality estimates show that transportation, industry, government efficiency, and corruption control increase urban growth. However, industrialization, renewable energy, transportation, and corruption control are interdependent. Government effectiveness is expected to have the most significant influence on Asia's urban growth for the next 10 years time period.