Temporal trends in lifestyle modification of patients with hypertension in korea, 2007-2021

Objective: Lifestyle modification is crucial in managing hypertension, independent of medical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of lifestyle modifications and analyze the trends in lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension in Korea from 2007 to 2021. Design and method: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2021 was analyzed. The study included patients with hypertension and aged >19 years. Factors such as regular physical activity, smoking and alcohol abstinence, weight and stress management, and adherence to a healthy diet were analyzed. Results: In 2021, a double-fold increase was observed in the proportion of patients with hypertension who adhered to sodium restriction compared to 2007. However, 70% of patients with hypertension consume more sodium than recommended. Moreover, potassium intake has steadily decreased since 2014, with only 23.8% of patients with hypertension meeting the recommended intake. (Figure) The body mass index and waist circumference of patients with hypertension have gradually increased, with fewer patients maintaining an appropriate weight. The neglect of diet and weight control among young patients with hypertension who experience high stress levels poses challenges in modifying their lifestyles. Conclusions: Patients with hypertension in Korea still consume high amounts of sodium, whereas potassium intake is gradually decreasing. Additionally, obesity rates have been increasing, especially among young patients with hypertension. Considering the increasing number of young patients with hypertension and the low control rate, the importance of lifestyle modifications should be further emphasized.