Impact of DCM-Causing Genetic Background on Long-Term Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background Patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and complete left bundle branch block benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, a large heterogeneity of response to CRT is described. Several predictors of response to CRT have been identified, but the role of the underlying genetic background is still poorly explored. Objectives In the present study, the authors sought to define differences in LV remodeling and outcome prediction after CRT when stratifying patients according to the presence or absence of DCM-causing genetic background. Methods From our center, 74 patients with DCM subjected to CRT and available genetic testing were retrospectively enrolled. Carriers of causative monogenic variants in validated DCM-causing genes, and/or with documented family history of DCM, were classified as affected by genetically determined disease (GEN+DCM) (n = 25). Alternatively, by idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (idDCM) (n = 49). The primary outcome was long-term LV remodeling and prevalence of super response to CRT (evaluated at 24-48 months after CRT); the secondary outcome was heart failure–related death/heart transplant/LV assist device. Results GEN+DCM and idDCM patients were homogeneous at baseline with the exception of QRS duration, longer in idDCM. The median follow-up was 55 months. Long-term LV reverse remodeling and the prevalence of super response were significantly higher in the idDCM group (27% in idDCM vs 5% in GEN+DCM; P = 0.025). The heart failure–related death/heart transplant/LV assist device outcome occurred more frequently in patients with GEN+DCM (53% vs 24% in idDCM; P = 0.028). Conclusions Genotyping contributes to the risk stratification of patients with DCM undergoing CRT implantation in terms of LV remodeling and outcomes.