Research on two-level energy management based on tiered demand response and energy storage systems

In response to the escalating demands of the electricity market for load dispatch optimization and the stable operation of power systems, the design of effective incentive mechanisms to guide user electricity consumption behaviour has become an urgent task. This study addresses the complexity of the power load dispatch system by analysing the characteristics and interrelations of large-scale user load demand responses. A dual-layer energy management model was constructed, and a demand response incentive mechanism was designed. Adaptive incentive strategies were formulated according to different electric power user demand response scenarios. Furthermore, an optimal incentive decision-making technology oriented towards user comfort was proposed, achieving an integrated function of strategy formulation, implementation, analysis, and optimization for power demand response. Through typical applications in core business scenarios such as elasticity of power user demand response, tiered incentive mechanisms, and comprehensive user utility, the model and strategies have been confirmed to optimize the economic benefits of virtual power plants and demand-side electricity users under the premise of ensuring user comfort. This provides a novel solution for the efficient operation of the power market. This research proposes a two-level energy management model leveraging flexible load tiered demand response and energy storage systems. It optimizes economic benefits while ensuring user comfort, adjusts dynamically to the variability of renewable sources, and provides tailored incentive strategies considering user comfort. It thus represents a significant advance in demand response programs, encouraging more effective user participation and promoting optimal system operation. image