Interventional Treatment for Post thrombotic Chronic Venous Obstruction: Progress and Challenges

Chronic venous obstruction (CVO), including non-thrombotic Iliac Vein Lesions (NIVLs) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), presents a significant burden on patients' quality of life (QoL) and healthcare systems. Venous recanalization and stenting have emerged as promising minimally invasive approaches, yet challenges in patient selection, procedural techniques, and long-term outcomes persist.This review synthesizes current knowledge on the interventional treatment of PTS, focusing on the evolution of endovascular techniques and stenting. Patient selection criteria, procedural details, and the characteristics of dedicated venous stents are discussed. Particular emphasis is given on the role of inflow and other anatomical considerations, along with postoperative management protocols for an optimal long-term outcome.