Variational Reconstruction and Simulation Experiments of Sea Surface Wind Field for Ocean Data Buoy

The sea surface wind field is an important physical parameter in oceanography and meteorology. With the continuous refinement of numerical weather prediction, air-sea interface materials, energy exchange, and other studies, three-dimensional (3D) wind field distribution at local locations on the sea surface must be measured accurately. The current in-situ observation of sea surface wind parameters is mainly achieved through the installation of wind sensors on ocean data buoys. However, the results obtained from this single-point measurement method cannot reflect wind field distribution in a vertical direction above the sea surface. Thus, the present paper proposes a theoretical framework for the optimal inversion of the 3D wind field structure variation in the area where the buoy is located. The variation analysis method is first used to reconstruct the wind field distribution at different heights of the buoy, after which theoretical analysis verification and numerical simulation experiments are conducted. The results indicate that the use of variational methods to reconstruct 3D wind fields is significantly effective in eliminating disturbance errors in observations, which also verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis of this method. The findings of this article can provide a reference for the layout optimization design of wind measuring instruments in buoy observation systems and also provide theoretical guidance for the design of new observation buoys in the future.