A critical review on the development of multi-geometrical stacked wideband dielectric resonator antenna

Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) use dielectric material as a resonator to accomplish high radiation efficiency and avoid severe conductor loss. The dielectric material that behaves as a resonator is plagued by a number of limitations, including strong cross-polarised (XP) radiation and difficulties integrating with any development platform. Yet, it also offers a lot of benefits, including compact size, lightweight, affordable price, and diversity in form, including cylindrical, rectangular, conical, and ring. A discussion of DRAs, covering DRA propagation modes, geometries, feeding mechanisms, and different bandwidth augmentation approaches, is presented. A stacked arrangement with two or more DRs has achieved the widest impedance bandwidth (BW). The perforated topology is a straightforward alternative for increasing the DRA’s bandwidth while maintaining a small, discrete size.