Absolute quantum gravimeters and gradiometers for field measurements
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Gravity measurements provide valuable information on the mass distribution
below the earth surface relevant to various areas of geosciences such as
hydrology, geodesy, geophysics, volcanology, and natural resources management.
During the past decades, the needs for sensitivity, robustness, compactness,
and transportability of instruments measuring the gravitational acceleration
have constantly increased. Today, applications typically call for 1 μGal = 10 nm.s^-2 10^-9 g resolution on time scales
ranging from minutes to years. Absolute Quantum Gravimeters (AQGs) based on
matter-wave interferometry with laser-cooled atoms address all these challenges
at once, even in uncontrolled environments. Furthermore, to date, quantum
gravimeters are the only technology capable of providing continuous absolute
gravity data over long measurement durations ( 1 day to months or more). In
this paper we recall the AQG working principle and present the reproducible
high performance at the μGal level on all 16 units fabricated so far. We
also describe recent progress on the Differential Quantum Gravimeter (DQG)
which measures simultaneously the mean gravitational acceleration and its
vertical gradient at the level of 10 nm.s^-2 and 1 E (1
E[eotvos] = 10^-9 s^-2) respectively.
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