Deriving requirements for integrated and standardised cadastre profile from the legacy Board of Revenue and the contemporary land administration systems

Modernising the paper-based manual Land Administration System (LAS) benefits society at large. This study examines the integration and standardisation requirements of LASs in Islamabad, Pakistan, using the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The exploratory case study approach assesses land tenure, value, use and development aspects. The existing LASs satisfy LADM requirements for a unified LAS. Systematic transformations are required to upgrade revenue sketch maps and drawings into accurate geospatial data in 2D and above and below-ground infrastructure into 3D. Developing a LADM edition I & II country profile is recommended for land tenure security, socioeconomic development and sustainable urban growth.