Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among stroke patients in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that considerably increases the risk of stroke. According to studies, stroke patients with diabetes have a greater mortality rate and are more likely to have repeated strokes than those without diabetes. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis determined the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus among stroke patients in Ethiopia. Methods The searches were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Observational study designs were selected, and studies published until November 30, 2023, addressing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among stroke patients were identified. EndNote Citation Manager software version X9 for Windows was used to collect and organize the search outcomes and remove duplicate articles. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies using a format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA 18.0 software for outcome measures analyses and subgrouping. Results Twenty-eight research articles were included in the final analysis. The studies included an evaluation of 6589 stroke patients, among whom 645 were diagnosed with DM. This resulted in a pooled prevalence estimate of 10% (95% CI: 8-13%)] DM. The subgroup analysis by region revealed that the highest pooled prevalence of DM was 16% [95% CI: (9% -24%)], which was from the Oromia region, followed by Addis Ababa city 12% [95% CI: (10% -14%)]. The other three regions (Tigray, South Nations nationalities and people’s region and Amhara) had similar pooled prevalence of DM 7% [95% CI: (3% -10%)], 7% [95% CI: (3% -11%)], 7% [95% CI: (4% -9%)], respectively. Conclusion Overall, the prevalence of DM among stroke patients is high. Notably, the Oromia region exhibited the highest prevalence rate at 16%, followed by Addis Ababa city at 12%. Conversely, the other three regions displayed similar rates of 7%. These findings underscore the critical importance of screening and managing DM in stroke patients.