The field-scale stabilization remediation and assessment of potential toxic elements based on the multi-source information from a Chinese Pb/Zn smelter contaminated site

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) generally co-existing in soils make a great challenge to the sustainable development and utilization of smelter contaminated sites. This study delved into the pollution characteristics of PTEs and conducted the field-scale remediation of PTEs stabilization. The results indicated that Cd, Pb, Zn, and As were identified as the main PTEs pollutants in soils with exceedance rates of 75.80