Universality in supernova gravitational waves with proto-neutron star properties
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
Gravitational wave signals from core-collapse supernovae are one of the
important observables for extracting the information of dense matter. To
extract the properties of proto-neutron stars produced via core-collapse
supernovae by asteroseismology, we perform a linear perturbation analysis using
data obtained from two-dimensional numerical simulations. We employ 12 and 20
solar-mass progenitors and compare two different treatments of gravity. One is
a general relativistic one with a conformal flatness condition and the other is
an effective gravitational potential mimicking the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff
solution. We discuss how the frequencies of the proto-neutron star oscillations
corresponding to the gravitational wave signals in the simulations depend on
the proto-neutron star properties. In our models, we find that the
gravitational wave frequencies of the proto-neutron stars determined with the
Cowling approximation can be expressed to very good approximation as a function
of the proto-neutron star average density almost independently of the
progenitor mass, treatment of gravity in the simulations, and the
interpolations in the simulations. On the other hand, if one considers the
gravitational wave frequencies as a function of the surface gravity of
proto-neutron stars, such a relation appears sensitive to the treatment of
gravity and other numerical details in the simulations. Thus, the average
density of proto-neutron stars seems more suitable for universally expressing
the supernova gravitational wave frequencies, instead of the surface gravity.
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