Reirradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: prognostic radiomic factors at progression

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor. Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment, with reirradiation considered in case of progression. However, the prognostic factors for reirradiation are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the outcomes of DIPG patients undergoing reirradiation and identify clinical and radiomic prognostic factors. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with DIPG who underwent reirradiation at our institution between January 2016 and December 2023. Using PyRadiomics, we extracted radiomic features of tumors at the time of progression from FLAIR MRI images and collected clinical data. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) for Cox’s proportional hazard model with leave-one-out cross-validation to select optimal prognostic factors for survival after reirradiation. The study included 18 patients who underwent reirradiation at first progression, receiving a total dose of 20 Gy or 24 Gy in 2‑Gy fractions. Reirradiation was well tolerated, with no severe toxicity. Most patients (78